Systemic Exclusion of Youth in Pakistan. (Part 1)
Systemic Exclusion of Youth in Pakistan. (Part 1)
The following discussion is part of a
series of threads that will be initiated by the Stewards of the South
Asia ebpdn representing India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. Each
thread will run for a period of three weeks, lead by Barkat Shah from
the Institute for Development Studies and Practices in Pakistan.
During this time it will be open for comment to all members of the
network. At the end of the designated three weeks, the discussion
will be summarized and available on the network as a resource for
members to download, while the discussion will still be available on
the forum.
The Next Generation report produced by British
council reveals that, half the population {of Pakistan} is under
twenty years and 66% are less than thirty years. This lot of youth
generates a hopes and aspirations in the minds especially for the
infusing new vision and energies for stable, peaceful, just and self
reliant Pakistani state and society. This is possible if they are
provided spaces to be bolstered technically and conceptually so that
to lead process of national development as practitioners, thinkers
and leader. At present, this generation faces grave problems. The
average young person in Pakistan is starved of education, livelihood
opportunities, and currently a huge lot of urban and rural poor
are
vulnerable to the manipulation of vested interest groups
as to become part of the slave labor, underpaid employments, drugs
and criminal violent activities both nationally and
internationally.
Due to the inadequacies educational system
and exclusive policies and practices 80 percent of young and
energetic population does not reach to college level, more than 50
percent leaves schools half way or does not go to any educational
institutions. The ones who attend schools ends up as literates but
not educated. Thus majority of this young population is outside the
formal system of education.. There is need to regenerate community
based social development spaces for a meaningful livelihood and a
chance for understanding the world they all live in. There is a very
important need for regenerating positiveness in the lives of majority
people of Pakistan and particularly Baluchistan who happens to be
young and in large number but are pushed outside the
system.
According to Population Council, an international,
nonprofit, nongovernmental organization Youth in the poorest quartile
also marry earlier and want more children than those in the richest
quartile. It also reveals that Less than one-half of all young
females ages 15-24 have ever enrolled in school—and of those who
are enrolled, females are more likely than males to drop out at an
earlier grade. Only 40 percent of rural Pakistani young women seek
health care during their first pregnancy. Due to low income capacity
36 percent of this group has never attended school, while nearly 50
percent of boys in the lowest economic quartile start working before
age 15.
In order to understand and articulate, the problems of
youth exclusion from the mainstream process of education,
development, and livelihood and over all policy making it are
instrumental to pose some questions which will be instrumental to
contextualize and organize the on-line discussion thread on the issue
mentioned.
What are the factors that prevent a majority of youth from the educational practices in Pakistan?
What can be the potential issues that constrain youth participation in the mainstream process of development, livelihood and political processes?
How can the majority of socially and economically deprived youth are included as potential source of economic and political regeneration in the country?
If we believe that legislative process can bring a policy shift for ensuring the participation of youth in the mainstream development, learning and livelihood, what kind of possible actions should be carried out?
Posted 05 April 2010 by Barkat Shah Kakar from web
The major factor is poverty that is preventing majority of youth in Pakistan. Basic Facilities are out of reach of more then 80% of the population. Child labor, women violence are the basic problems here due to lack of education. The growing population is main hurdle in the developmental avenues. The main constrain that keep the youth in educational and developmental process is to support them financially. Different awareness programs in the rural areas and free access to the schools can engage our youth towards development
posted 20 April 2010 by Tahira from web
There are so many factors which prevent majority of
youth from the educational process in the country. Especially in the
case of Pakistan it become more important to analyses and renew the
existing systems and process. Because we are a young country as the
majority (65 %) of population are youth and young. Unfortunately we
have not any sustainable plan or directions which help our majority
to become a successful man in the society.
Here we will discuss
that, what are the factors which prevent majority of youth from
education process and practices.
The curricula and related
pedagogy of education are usually inappropriate or at least
inadequate for the set goals in many disciplines. Furthermore, there
is no integrated system in which one step leads to the next to enable
a student to develop a truly sound base for the discipline he or she
is interested in. Moreover, even at the higher levels of education,
there is no mechanism worth its name to help a student in gauging his
or her potential or in deciding on a suitable academic career.
there
are so many system working in the field of promoting education like
Madrasa, Government schools, Privet schools, English medium schools,
Urdu medium schools and so many. These are nothing but the main thing
is that these all are creating different cultures and classes.
Students coming out of English medium schools, especially good
private sector schools, have little awareness of the society, culture
and their own values whereas those passing out from Urdu medium
schools are usually destined to work in clerical and lower level
positions. Religious madrasas churn out yet another class that is
usually unaware of the world outside their own and modern disciplines
are usually unequipped to interact meaningfully with the larger
society and are also monumental at times in spreading sectarianism.
There is not any link or synergy in-between educational system/
school and indigenous culture of the society. There for school is not
made the part of society while all focus is on system, hard
disciplines, undermining the mother language, irrelevant pedagogies,
promoting an atmosphere of silence and exclusion based
policies.
This may not be as difficult as it seems. Some work
may be required in forming the curricula and pedagogy, but the rest
can be done just by including good and people centered policies.
Where education can help them, not only gaining information but good
values, strong knowledge and skills. And where education can help
them for their livelihood. Where education provide them opportunities
for earning a sustainable livelihoods.
Its mean shift is possible
but it only can come from lower to higher but not from higher to
lower.
Thanks
Saeed Shah
posted 21 April 2010 by myself from web
Systemic
Exclusion of Youth in Pakistan
The lot of population is living in urban areas and are suffering from unprotected manipulation of the vested groups which ugh them for slavery, drug addiction, crimes. The females are not allowed to have better education. There is a need og better reconstruction of the system, society and our community according to better needs and need to fill gaps in between it. Most of the population has hope that policy making system will be revised for their betterment. The unwanted social activities is depriving youth as far as Pakistan is concern. the system should bring resources in the reach of youth as to brighten their future and to enhance their intellectual quality.
Posted 23 April 2010 by Tahira from web
First of all I am very thankful of ebpdn which has proven the opportunity for view sharing with the world peoples' and after of this I think youth is one of the main plier which is very excluded from decision making bodies but I think there is strongly need that the we shall focus on youth’s involvement in policy making to help mainstream the role of the youth in development. Policies passed by our Leaders always impact on us and yet we the youth are not given consideration during policy making and policy implementation. Development initiatives are also a line where youth are sidelined because we are considered youth is immature and inexperienced. But in my points of view youth are mature, responsible, enthusiastic about new ideas, innovative, energetic' and have the potency to be involved in policy and development initiatives and need to reviewing of convectional laws, policies and development agenda that are hindrance to youth’s participation. As an academic institutions its the responsibility we shall push towards the review of conventional laws that are usually laid down to sideline the youth from participation on social, political and economic aspects of life. Represent the youth and make sure policies passed do not have a negative impact on their youthful life. It shall make sure that the development agenda incorporate the young generation.
Posted 24 April 2010 by Tahira from web
1. As regards the first question I think socio-economic
conditions especially the poverty and backwardness play a crucial in
preventing the youth from educational practices in Pakistan.
2. As
for the role of the youth in development, livelihood political
process is concerned I think the patriarchal structures that
perpetuates in a hierarchical manner to a great extent curtails youth
participation in development, livelihood and politics.
3. By the
development of critical consciousnesses of the youth about the
social, political and economic structures in an organized and
institutional pattern can help in including the youth in political
and social regeneration of the country.
4. Legislative actions of
streamlining the educational system on free of all class, race, and
gender, religious biases can be a potential action in this regard
Sadiq
khan
Faculty Member
Academic Development Program
IDSP-Pakistan
Posted 24 April 2010 by Tahira from web
One reason to promote participation for ‘youth as an
age group‘ (rather than any other conceptualization of youth) is a
recognition of the systematic exclusion and disenfranchisement of
young people in many contexts.
However, systematic exclusion
is not reversed by simply giving young people a platform (though this
is a start) if the power asymmetries and knowledge asymmetries
between young people and adults are not considered and
addressed.
These asymmetries can be addressed both by capacity
building (but that capacity building has to take into account (1) and
make sure it is framed in broad terms), and by careful design of
engagement processes and activities*.
(*In particular, a
serious engagement with youth participation involves choosing new
modes of conversation will be more useful.
thanks
Asha
sindho
Posted 26 April 2010 by myself from web
There has been a recent gradual shift from discussions
about ―children as the ―victims of violence to ―youth as a
―threat to security and stability. In particular, there have been
multiple assertions that a ―surging youth population or ―youth
bulge – combined with unemployment, urbanization and other factors
– can lead to violence and most recent analyses of conflict
identify some form of ―youth factor in the generation or
perpetuation of
violence. There is certainly statistical evidence
of a connection between high relative youth populations and risk of
armed conflict and this can therefore indicate which countries
are
likely to be at higher risk of violent conflict and provide
one means for prioritizing when and where governments and other
partners should engage with youth to take preventative action.
Tahir
Mehmood
Sindh University
Pakistan
Posted 26 April 2010 by myself from web
In today’s world the concepts of social interaction
are redefining with development of new ideas and technologies. Young
people are the future work force and earliest adopters of ICTs as
well as having a powerful force for change. Youth is in fact the
recipient of the policies so their voice should be properly
propagated to people involved in the design and evaluation of youth
related programs, strategies or policies. Youth everywhere are faced
with the challenges of attempting to broaden their horizons and
become global citizens, yet their infrastructure in not accommodating
their desire and need. This is necessary to value the input of
juvenile and communities in creating and implementing plans for
tailored change in an atmosphere of consensus. There must be some
framework, building upon existing good practices to identify where
changes are required and helping young people to identify strengths
and weaknesses in service provisions. The ICT vision and strategy
should also focus on young people and not only just technology. For
this to happen, it is important to develop both the ICT vision and
strategy with the involvement of youth. The information age has
modified the working, learning and social conditions for young
people. Barriers once evident through time and space are now blurred
and new networks of interaction have been came into account. More
often it is the younger generations who feel more comfortable using
ICTs to further expand their knowledge and information. The new wave
of Information Society has provided young people with the tools to
explore world otherwise unknown to them.
Seher
Naz
seher124@yahoo.com
Posted 26 April 2010 by myself from web
The main reason that youth is away from education is
poverty. A man from lower class or middle class can’t bare the
expenses of education that are inflating day by day. The distribution
of rights is totally unequal. Everyone around is fighting for bread
and butter who cares about education. Pillars of our nation are week
we can’t withstand with the today’s world demands. The democracy
has demolished the equality of human rights. The youth got no
interest in the politics they just want their rights and justice. The
eligible persons are never preferred instead those who got best P.R
and are eligible to pay donations are given priority. This
distribution must be stop at once in order to provide a stage or
platform to intellectual youth to expose their abilities...
Sana
Tanzil
BS.Biotech
BUITEMS
Posted 27 April 2010 by Tahira from web
As I think that The most important risk factors
preventing young people from participating in education beyond
compulsory schooling are the language, the parents’ level of
education and the place of residence
people who were unable to
take up the training or education of their choice left education
after nine years of compulsory schooling. In this context, the native
language and the parents’ educational level also play a role: young
people whose native language is a different language than Urdu /
English and whose parents are less educated themselves are less often
free to follow the educational or career path of their
choice.
Socio-economic Condition also plays a major role in
this regard-
Shabbir Ahmed
Resource Centre incharge
IDSP-Pakistan
Posted 27 April 2010 by Tahira from web
The youth is the majority population in the country and
lack of opportunities has curtailed their efforts to play an active
role in the process of development in a positive manner. The Formal
set up through its exploitative mechanism has excluded majority of
the youth / young from mainstream educational or other skill
development process that might have enabled them to earn their
livelihood and play a meaningful role in the overall development
process.
The ultimate result of all of this confusion has created
a vacuum that is filled by the vested interests to forward their own
agenda. Therefore, Young/ youth are used as a fuel in the ongoing
surge of militancy and extremism. If not dealt properly, the negative
impacts may spread further leaving the province, country and even the
whole region in a state of perpetual violence and chaos.
Saeed
Posted 27 April 2010 by myself from web
Young people constitute the largest [66%] resides
between the age 15-35] segment of Pakistani population. Especially
those from low and middle income groups, have few opportunities to
develop to their full potential. Poverty is widespread, education
levels are low, youth unemployment is high and traditional culture
does not encourage young people to take decisions on issues
concerning concern them. There is limited scope for young people’s
positive local engagement in grassroots politics and community
development.
The emergence of Taliban and the event of 9/11 on
the other hand, gave new birth to the phenomena of Jihad and
political radicalization among Pakistani youth. The situation becomes
more complex when it arrives to the reality of youth of traditional
societies such as Balochistan and NWFP.
Nevertheless formal
education systems too are not creating mass level awareness regarding
intensive engagement in the civic life. They neither have the
capacity to comprehend these situations in its totality, nor capable
to take the challenges of recreating spaces of dialogue and
interactions which help young people to streamline their role in the
making of democratic societies. Consequently societies keep losing
its potential and strength for a progressive democracy and civic
culture.
Khalil Kakar
Quetta Pakistan
Posted 27 April 2010 by myself from web
The large population of Pakistani youth is a most
vulnerable, because there is no proper social, educational and
livelihood system for youth. The majority of youth are becoming drop
out after the middle and matriculation. Because the education system
could not cover their needs. Lake of opportunities, having no
cultural spaces, no direction, no self awareness, critical and
analytical skills and no mentoring is the key reasons of the youth.
Currently the youth of the country are becoming attached with
different religious and sectarian militancy movements. An acceptance
of extremism has being developed in common people of the area and
especially in youth. Several youth has been the part of suicidal
attacks. It is a fact that the negative opportunities, spaces,
communication channels, source of entertainments, company, knowledge
and directions are comparatively less then positive above things.
Ahmed Ali
Sindh Language Academy
Sindh
posted 27 April 2010 by myself from web
I think only systems are not responsible. My point is
that, systematic exclusion has strong linkages with social exclusion.
Which is deeply rooted in the social, economic and political
experience of Pakistan? Fundamentally, systematic exclusion refers to
the relationship between citizens and the state. Other development
concepts such as poverty, vulnerability, deprivation and inequality
do not imply causality, whereas a social exclusion framework implies
that someone or something is doing the excluding. Social exclusion is
thus relational, and is embedded in the formal and informal
institutions of a society, deriving from social relations founded on
differences in status or power. In Pakistan, some of the main
barriers to poverty reduction & social change lie precisely in
social and institutional relations.
Rihan Malik
student
Rawalpindi
Pakistan
Posted 27 April 2010 by myself from web
Dear Tahira,
Thanks for sharing these valuable
questions.
I think these are the questions, worth of more
consideration. For resolving the stated problem it is required to be
found the answers to the stated questions, and actions are required
to be taken for the implementation what the answers demand.
The
main factors of youth exclusion from educational practices are
present education system, lake of awareness, economic condition, and
lake of social mobilization regarding education.
As there are
basic weaknesses in our education system. It has no coordination with
socio-economic condition of the country. First it can't attract
youth, then fails to involve youth into the process of development,
politics and livelihood.
The entire education system of Pakistan
needs to be changed to resolve the above stated problems. The
education ought to be integrated with the social, cultural, economic,
geographic, demographic conditions and needs of the region.
Integration of education to the real needs and conditions of
the country, and awareness are the solutions according to my point of
view.
Regards
Salam Kakar
Admin Officer
Zaanth
Project
Loralai Pakistan
Posted 28 April 2010 by myself from web
Dear Saeed,
Sol q1) The main reasons behind the youth
exclusion are as follows
1: From the very beginning the children
who then become the youth, lack the confidence of decision making as
parents do not care of children participation in their childhood
which directly effects the decisions making in the choice of study
they want to make thus caught in worries and distress. The major
factors behind every success are interest in that field. Let the
youth decide itself and then see what he contributes in the
development of that country.
Regards,
Naveed Khoro
Project
Manager
Child Protection Quetta
Posted 28 April 2010 by myself from web
Poverty, illiteracy, corruption, feudalism, confused
education system and unfair distribution of resources are the major
factors preventing youth from education practices in Pakistan.
The
lack of awareness regarding their basic rights ,carelessness from
their basic duties, lack of patience and understandability of things
going around, their dependency on their parents, not following the
opportunities in accordance to their talent rather availing the one
providing more income. Diversified though confused thoughts regarding
their success and life, lack of enthusiasm. They ere the prisoners of
brutal life they are provided with and not willing to come out or to
create any change, self lippy, limited opportunities as per
population and fields, prevalence of cheating and use of
influences
by creating or forming a number of groups continuously
including youth in some healthy activity will not raise their
confidence but also groom their talent. the existing social groups
must inform about their existence and its members should aware and
motivate others to be a part of it. by enhancing and working on the
education system and making the youth more knowledgeable rather than
educated through still illiterate industries and different
organization must increase their rate of providing intern ships in
order to benefits from the new ideas of youth and should help them
economical but in a noble way that is by the use of their talent and
appreciating it. The educated youth must be trained to to some
creative or skilled work by the government and then introduced in the
main stream to increase their confidence level
Different
educational and skilled centre should be fully supported (either
financially or morally) by the government. Steps to improve
educational policies must be taken in order to save the youth from a
paternalistic approach. Introducing programs to offer a handsome
amount of money to the youth who are skilled and capable of doing
good work.
Johum Sarfaraz Ali
BS.Biotech
BUITEMS
Posted 28 April 2010 by Tahira from web
1. What are the factors that prevent a majority of
youth from the educational practices in Pakistan?
Many factors
are at work in the prevent a majority of youth from the educational
practices in Pakistan
As we having a long tradition of
exchanging information and ideas to our generation they understand
the history of our civilization in education it is not practices
Not
relevant with geographical realities and mother tongue.
Syllabus
is lengthy not deviated in semester wise.
May be education was
not on need of the youth and education did not solve the issues of
youth.
2. What can be the potential issues that constrain
youth participation in the mainstream process of development,
livelihood and political processes?
Many factors are at work
in the growth and development process, but in the long run, a
country's prosperity and the welfare of its people are determined by
the pace of accumulating physical and human capital, by how
efficiently the capital is used, and by how equitable access is to
opportunities that growth and development generate.
Vulnerability,
and human security have become dominant
themes of on-going
academic debates on sustainable livelihoods and rural
dynamics
Religious movements is one of important factor now a
days.
3. How can the majority of socially and economically
deprived youth be included as potential source of economic and
political regeneration in the country?
The concept does not
describe a new reality; neither is it is the only appropriate or even
a radically innovative concept to describe deprivation.
Country
law and regulation did not give permission to the youth that they
exclude in future and take spates forward.
Lack of
opportunities in state.
4. If we believe that legislative
process can bring a policy shift for ensuring the participation of
youth in the mainstream development,learning and livelihood, what
kind of possible actions should be carried out?
A review of
youth-serving organizations and the specific services they
provide.
A survey of economic opportunities.
A force
for peace, democracy, equality and good governance.
Freedom of
expression and the protection of human rights
Respect for
diversity and human dignity and opposition to all forms
of
discrimination whether based on age, political affiliation,
social status, marital status, race, ethnicity.
Upholding
international agreements on peace and security, the rule of
international law and opposition to terrorism and all forms of
extremism.
Strengthening, enhancing and supporting the role of
young people in conflict management and the promotion of a
Commonwealth culture of peace ensured in respect and mutual
understanding.
Promoting a supportive environment including
family, kinship and community networks as core contributors to youth
well being and development;
Advocating for the development of
indigenous capital, research and technology and the promotion of
cultural heritage and values as enablers of youth
development.
Regards
Naheed
posted yesterday by Tahira from web
The basic reason is Poverty and Negligence of parents.
The future of a child depends upon brought up of a child. If his or
her brought up is done in a good educated environment the result
obviously will be good. But in today's era the poverty is the main
hurdle .
Our leaders don't want to share their experience
sincerely with the youth because they don't want to loose their
dominance, they want to be dominant forever and don't want the new
people to come forward and take over them as a result youth is not
participating in politics and developmental practices. To make the
participation of youth assure in different areas. The tribal system
is making the future of youth dark the tribal leaders thought that if
their young generation get education their ruling system will be
ruined to secure their dominance they are diprieving youth and
keeping them away from all developmental practices.
If youth play
their positive role and if they are allowed to take part in the
different social and economic practices then we can hope for the
better future of our country but their must be unity and
integrity.
Roqaiyah Kamal
IDSP_PAKISTAN
posted yesterday by Tahira from web
The main factors that are keeping our youth away from
education include:
1. Education System
2. Family Environment
3.
Teachers behavior
4. Parents Negligence
5. Taking Interest in
odd activities
6. seats division and lack of national
integrity.
The political system has depressed our youth in this
way that their interests are totally damaged now and they usually
keep their self away from these type of practices and dividing them
in different seats and they are loosing their national integrity. The
deprived youth really need support of government and need social
exposure they must be given special attention to indulge them in
different developmental projects. The differences between them must
be wash out in order to develop a sense of unity and integrity.
First
of all there is a need of better and equally distributed education
system. Resolve the problem of unemployment, there must be equal n
justified distribution of education system and it must made in reach
of everyone. The social differences must be filled in in order to
create an environment of understanding and unity.
Noor
Bano
IDSP-Pakistan
posted yesterday by Tahira from web
The most important and common factor that prevent youth
from the educational practices in Pakistan is biasedness among
citizens only those who have strong financial and political
background can participate and avail all kind of opportunities where
they can practice their educational expertise. most of our youth are
unable to avail such opportunities.
An other factor is that as
we all know that Pakistan is a third world developing country and per
cap ta income is below from average line so it is difficult for most
of individuals to equip their young by latest education, thus, these
are the factors that prevent youth from the educational practices in
Pakistan.
Favoritism, unequal opportunities, prejudices,
tribal system can be the potential issues that causes constrain for
youth in participation in the mainstream process of
development,livelihood and political processes, if these issues being
discouraged then wothfull youth will come in front and participate in
all important socio- economic issues and will boost the economy of
the country ultimately.
If we want economic and political
regeneration in the country we have to encourage and welcome talented
and educated young generation to come in front and participate in all
important activities for the economic and political development of
the country and we have to ensure that discrimination on
geographical, demo graphical bases should be eradicated
Thanks
i hope that my participation in this discussion will help you to some
extent
Imr@n
IDSP-Pakistan
posted yesterday by Tahira from web
1. What are the factors that prevent a majority of youth
from the educational practices in Pakistan?
Cynicism Amongst
youth
Motivation
Awareness
Teachers behaviors
poverty
pents
not paying attention to the children
What can be the potential
issues that constrain youth participation in the mainstream process
of development,livelihood and political processes?
Review of
literature theoretical and conceptual.
Analysis the Rules and
regulation in Pakistan of youth
conduct meeting with youth and
asses their needs
3. How can the majority of socially and
economically deprived youth be included as potential source of
economic and political regeneration in the country?
Engage the
youth in different issues
Social and political
exclusion
cultural instruments
local and civil
government rules
violation of human right rules in country
4.
If we believe that legislative process can bring a policy shift for
ensuring the participation of youth in the maiWhat are the factors
that prevent a majority of youth from the educational practices in
Pakistan?
Cynicism Amongst
youth
Motivation
Awareness
Teachers
behaviors
poverty
pents not paying attention to the
children
What can be the potential issues that constrain youth
participation in the mainstream process of development,livelihood and
political processes?What are the factors that prevent a majority of
youth from the educational practices in Pakistan?
Cynicism
Amongst youth
Motivation
Awareness
Teachers
behaviors
poverty
pents not paying attention to the
children
What can be the potential issues that constrain youth
participation in the mainstream process of development,livelihood and
political processes?
Review of literature theoretical and
conceptual.
Analysis the Rules and regulation in Pakistan of
youth
conduct meeting with youth and asses their needs
3.
How can the majority of socially and economically deprived youth be
included as potential source of economic and political regeneration
in the country?
Engage the youth in different issues
Social
and political exclusion
cultural instruments
local and
civil government rules
violation of human right rules in
country
4. If we believe that legislative process can bring a
policy shift for ensuring the participation of youth in the maiWhat
are the factors that prevent a majority of youth from the educational
practices in Pakistan?
Cynicism Amongst
youth
Motivation
Awareness
Teachers
behaviors
poverty
pents not paying attention to the
children
What can be the potential issues that constrain youth
participation in the mainstream process of development,livelihood and
political processes?
Review of literature theoretical and
conceptual.
Analysis the Rules and regulation in Pakistan of
youth
conduct meeting with youth and asses their needs
3.
How can the majority of socially and economically deprived youth be
included as potential source of economic and political regeneration
in the country?
Engage the youth in different issues
Social
and political exclusion
cultural instruments
local and
civil government rules
violation of human right rules in
country
4. If we believe that legislative process can bring a
policy shift for ensuring the participation of youth in the
mainstream development,learning and livelihood, what kind of possible
actions should be carried out?
Provide youth with
opportunities to
master core literacy and numeracy
skills,
basic employability and life skills, and
vocational
skills. They can be designed as
a second chance pathway to a
primary or
secondary school degree, an opportunity
to
gain the skills needed to return to formal
education, or a
vehicle to acquire the skills
needed to get a job or start a
business.
Build upon the existing knowledge
and
experience of participating youth
and relate these to the
predominant
household livelihood strategies.
Allow
participants to make educational
gains or earn achievement
certifications in
manageable blocks, offering flexibility in
pacing classes and allowing students to
easily enter and leave
programs) to youth
and their families who must often defer
or
interrupt educational pursuits to address
day-to-day
survival needs.
Regards.
noreen amber
posted yesterday by Tahira from web
In : ADP
